# Spoiled identity What results when a person's actual social identity diverges from what others expect of them: the discrepancy cuts the person off from full participation, and those so marked manage the damage by *passing*, concealing it, or by *covering*, keeping it from taking up much room (Goffman, 1963). ## References - Goffman, E. (1963). *Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity*. Prentice-Hall.